The commercialization of cyber surveillance tools has created a thriving global market for sophisticated spyware. Recent investigations reveal these tools, marketed as solutions for fighting terrorism and crime, are increasingly being used to target journalists, activists and political dissidents worldwide.

The evolution of this industry, from simple SMS-based attacks to sophisticated zero-click exploits costing millions of dollars, demonstrates how surveillance technology has become a critical component of modern statecraft and diplomacy. Despite growing scrutiny and legal challenges, the industry continues to thrive through complex corporate structures and regulatory loopholes.

This session, led by Fred Raynal, founder of Quarkslab, will cover:

• Analysis of commercial spyware vendors' capabilities and business models
• Technical examination of modern surveillance infrastructure and exploitation techniques
• Impact of international regulations and export controls on the spyware industry