Modern vehicles increasingly resemble complex IoT systems, with infotainment platforms, sensors and ECUs introducing layered hardware-based vulnerabilities. Attackers often exploit outdated firmware, unsecured CAN bus access and logic errors in embedded devices. Balancing safety and security remains critical. Functions such as airbags demand precise timing and cannot sacrifice safety for cryptographic operations. As vehicle-to-vehicle and infrastructure communication expands, ensuring message integrity and trust will be key. Meanwhile, AI's role in both attack vectors and threat detection continues to evolve, offering potential and risk.

In this insightful discussion, the panelists discuss:

• Infotainment systems and the attack surface they expose;
• Secure design strategies amid limited vendor transparency;
• The challenges of regulatory lag in fast-evolving threat landscapes.